Production

This guide covers everything you need to deploy your Mizu views in production: embedding templates, caching, performance optimization, and best practices.

Embedding Templates

In production, embed templates into your binary. This eliminates file system dependencies and ensures templates can’t be accidentally modified.

Using embed.FS

Go’s embed package lets you include files in your binary:

package main

import (
    "embed"

    "github.com/go-mizu/mizu"
    "github.com/go-mizu/mizu/view"
)

//go:embed views
var viewsFS embed.FS

func main() {
    engine := view.New(view.Config{
        FS:            viewsFS,    // Use embedded filesystem
        Extension:     ".html",
        DefaultLayout: "default",
    })

    app := mizu.New()
    app.Use(engine.Middleware())

    // ... routes ...

    app.Listen(":8080")
}

Directory Structure for Embedding

The //go:embed directive embeds a directory relative to the source file:

myapp/
├── main.go           # Contains //go:embed views
├── views/
│   ├── layouts/
│   │   └── default.html
│   └── pages/
│       ├── home.html
│       └── about.html
└── go.mod

After building, the binary contains all templates.

Conditional Embedding

Use environment variables to switch between development and production:

package main

import (
    "embed"
    "os"

    "github.com/go-mizu/mizu"
    "github.com/go-mizu/mizu/view"
)

//go:embed views
var viewsFS embed.FS

func main() {
    isDev := os.Getenv("ENV") != "production"

    config := view.Config{
        Extension:     ".html",
        DefaultLayout: "default",
        Development:   isDev,
    }

    if isDev {
        // Development: filesystem for hot reload
        config.Dir = "./views"
    } else {
        // Production: embedded with caching
        config.FS = viewsFS
    }

    engine := view.New(config)

    // ... rest of application
}

Preloading Templates

In production, preload all templates at startup to:

Fail fast - Catch template errors before serving requests
Warm cache - Avoid first-request latency
Validate - Ensure all templates parse correctly

engine := view.New(view.Config{
    FS:            viewsFS,
    DefaultLayout: "default",
})

// Preload and validate all templates
if err := engine.Load(); err != nil {
    log.Fatal("Template error:", err)
}

app := mizu.New()
app.Use(engine.Middleware())

Preload Errors

Load() catches errors like:

Missing template files
Template syntax errors
Invalid template references

err := engine.Load()
if err != nil {
    // err contains details about the failure
    log.Fatal(err)
}

Performance Optimization

Template Caching

In production mode (Development: false), templates are cached:

Parsed once - Templates are parsed at first use or Load()
Reused - Same parsed template serves all requests
No disk I/O - Templates read from memory

view.Config{
    Development: false,  // Enable caching (default)
}

Pre-compute in Handlers

Move complex logic to Go:

// Good: compute once in handler
func handler(c *mizu.Ctx) error {
    posts := fetchPosts()

    // Pre-compute derived data
    featured := filterFeatured(posts)
    byCategory := groupByCategory(posts)

    return view.Render(c, "posts", view.Data{
        "Posts":      posts,
        "Featured":   featured,
        "ByCategory": byCategory,
    })
}

<!-- Simple template: just displays pre-computed data -->
{{range .Data.Featured}}
    <article>{{.Title}}</article>
{{end}}

Minimize Template Complexity

Complex templates are slower. Keep them focused:

<!-- Avoid: deeply nested conditionals -->
{{if .Data.A}}
    {{if .Data.B}}
        {{if .Data.C}}
            ...
        {{end}}
    {{end}}
{{end}}

<!-- Better: compute in Go, pass simple flag -->
{{if .Data.ShowSpecialContent}}
    ...
{{end}}

Error Handling

Custom Error Pages

Create error page templates:

<!-- views/pages/404.html -->
<div class="error-page">
    <h1>404</h1>
    <p>The page you're looking for doesn't exist.</p>
    <a href="/">Go Home</a>
</div>

<!-- views/pages/500.html -->
<div class="error-page">
    <h1>500</h1>
    <p>Something went wrong on our end.</p>
    <p>Please try again later.</p>
</div>

Error Handler

Set up a global error handler:

app := mizu.New()

app.ErrorHandler = func(c *mizu.Ctx, err error) {
    code := 500
    page := "500"

    // Check for HTTP errors
    var httpErr *mizu.Error
    if errors.As(err, &httpErr) {
        code = httpErr.Code
        if code == 404 {
            page = "404"
        }
    }

    // Log server errors
    if code >= 500 {
        log.Printf("Server error: %v", err)
    }

    // Render error page
    c.Status(code)
    if renderErr := view.Render(c, page, view.Data{
        "Title": "Error",
        "Error": err,
    }); renderErr != nil {
        // Fallback if error page fails
        c.Text("An error occurred")
    }
}

Template Error Handling

Handle template rendering errors gracefully:

func handler(c *mizu.Ctx) error {
    err := view.Render(c, "page", data)
    if err != nil {
        // Log the error
        log.Printf("Template error: %v", err)

        // Return generic error
        return c.Status(500).Text("Internal error")
    }
    return nil
}

Security

Content Security Policy

Set appropriate headers:

app.Use(func(next mizu.Handler) mizu.Handler {
    return func(c *mizu.Ctx) error {
        c.Set("Content-Security-Policy",
            "default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'")
        return next(c)
    }
})

HTML Escaping

Go templates escape HTML by default. Only bypass escaping for trusted content:

<!-- Safe: auto-escaped -->
{{.Data.UserComment}}

<!-- Only for trusted content -->
{{.Data.TrustedHTML}}

import "html/template"

view.Data{
    "TrustedHTML": template.HTML(trustedContent),
}

CSRF Tokens

Include CSRF tokens in forms:

<form method="POST" action="/submit">
    <input type="hidden" name="csrf_token" value="{{.Data.CSRFToken}}">
    <!-- form fields -->
</form>

Monitoring

Template Metrics

Track template rendering performance:

func handler(c *mizu.Ctx) error {
    start := time.Now()

    err := view.Render(c, "page", data)

    duration := time.Since(start)
    metrics.RecordTemplateRender("page", duration)

    return err
}

Health Checks

Verify templates work in health checks:

app.Get("/health", func(c *mizu.Ctx) error {
    // Try rendering a simple template
    engine := view.From(c)
    var buf bytes.Buffer
    err := engine.Render(&buf, "health-check", nil, view.NoLayout())
    if err != nil {
        return c.Status(500).JSON(map[string]string{
            "status": "unhealthy",
            "error":  err.Error(),
        })
    }

    return c.JSON(map[string]string{
        "status": "healthy",
    })
})

Deployment Checklist

Before Deploying

Environment Variables

# Production
ENV=production
PORT=8080

# Development
ENV=development
PORT=8080

Docker Example

FROM golang:1.22-alpine AS builder

WORKDIR /app
COPY go.mod go.sum ./
RUN go mod download

COPY . .
RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -o server .

FROM alpine:latest
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=builder /app/server .

# Templates are embedded - no need to copy views/

ENV ENV=production
EXPOSE 8080
CMD ["./server"]

Complete Production Setup

package main

import (
    "embed"
    "errors"
    "log"
    "os"

    "github.com/go-mizu/mizu"
    "github.com/go-mizu/mizu/view"
)

//go:embed views
var viewsFS embed.FS

func main() {
    // Configuration
    port := os.Getenv("PORT")
    if port == "" {
        port = "8080"
    }
    isDev := os.Getenv("ENV") != "production"

    // Create view engine
    config := view.Config{
        Extension:     ".html",
        DefaultLayout: "default",
        Development:   isDev,
    }

    if isDev {
        config.Dir = "./views"
    } else {
        config.FS = viewsFS
    }

    engine := view.New(config)

    // Preload in production
    if !isDev {
        if err := engine.Load(); err != nil {
            log.Fatal("Template error:", err)
        }
        log.Println("Templates loaded successfully")
    }

    // Create app
    app := mizu.New()
    app.Use(engine.Middleware())

    // Error handler
    app.ErrorHandler = func(c *mizu.Ctx, err error) {
        code := 500
        page := "500"

        var httpErr *mizu.Error
        if errors.As(err, &httpErr) {
            code = httpErr.Code
            if code == 404 {
                page = "404"
            }
        }

        if code >= 500 {
            log.Printf("Error: %v", err)
        }

        c.Status(code)
        view.Render(c, page, view.Data{"Title": "Error"})
    }

    // Routes
    app.Get("/", homeHandler)
    app.Get("/about", aboutHandler)

    // Start server
    log.Printf("Server starting on :%s (dev=%v)", port, isDev)
    if err := app.Listen(":" + port); err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
}

func homeHandler(c *mizu.Ctx) error {
    return view.Render(c, "home", view.Data{
        "Title": "Welcome",
    })
}

func aboutHandler(c *mizu.Ctx) error {
    return view.Render(c, "about", view.Data{
        "Title": "About Us",
    })
}

What’s Next?

Now that your views are ready for production, explore:

Sync Overview - Client-side state synchronization
Live Overview - Real-time WebSocket communication

View Engine

Live (Realtime)

Sync (State)

Embedding Templates

Using embed.FS

Directory Structure for Embedding

Conditional Embedding

Preloading Templates

Preload Errors

Performance Optimization

Template Caching

Pre-compute in Handlers

Minimize Template Complexity

Error Handling

Custom Error Pages

Error Handler

Template Error Handling

Security

Content Security Policy

HTML Escaping

CSRF Tokens

Monitoring

Template Metrics

Health Checks

Deployment Checklist

Before Deploying

Environment Variables

Docker Example

Complete Production Setup

What’s Next?

View Engine

Live (Realtime)

Sync (State)

​Embedding Templates

​Using embed.FS

​Directory Structure for Embedding

​Conditional Embedding

​Preloading Templates

​Preload Errors

​Performance Optimization

​Template Caching

​Pre-compute in Handlers

​Minimize Template Complexity

​Error Handling

​Custom Error Pages

​Error Handler

​Template Error Handling

​Security

​Content Security Policy

​HTML Escaping

​CSRF Tokens

​Monitoring

​Template Metrics

​Health Checks

​Deployment Checklist

​Before Deploying

​Environment Variables

​Docker Example

​Complete Production Setup

​What’s Next?

Embedding Templates

Using embed.FS

Directory Structure for Embedding

Conditional Embedding

Preloading Templates

Preload Errors

Performance Optimization

Template Caching

Pre-compute in Handlers

Minimize Template Complexity

Error Handling

Custom Error Pages

Error Handler

Template Error Handling

Security

Content Security Policy

HTML Escaping

CSRF Tokens

Monitoring

Template Metrics

Health Checks

Deployment Checklist

Before Deploying

Environment Variables

Docker Example

Complete Production Setup

What’s Next?